5.1-2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
Gamete formation involves a type of cell division called meiosis. This type of cell division reduces the number of sets of chromosomes from two in the parent cell to one in each gamete, counterbalancing the doubling that occurs at fertilization.
To Think About:
What is the difference between diploid and haploid? What is the purpose of meiosis? What happens in the series of steps that make up meiosis? What similarities and differences are there between mitosis and meiosis? What is crossing over, and how does it increase genetic diversity? When does random assortment of chromosomes in meiosis increase genetic diversity? How does fertilization increase genetic diversity?
Watch: AP Daily Video Meiosis
Answer the Following Questions:
- Complete the following chart:
| Questions | Diploid | Haploid |
|---|---|---|
| How many sets of chromosomes? | ||
| Represented by: (abbreviation) | ||
| Examples of cells with this number of chromosomes |
- Why is it necessary for gametes to be haploid cells?
- Meiosis starts with one diploid _____________ cell and results in ______(number) halploid _____________ cells.
- During the Meiosis I, genetic diversity is generated through the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes in which phase?
- How are chromosomes lined up on the metaphase plate in metaphase I?
- What separates in anaphase 1?
- How are chromosomes lined up on the metaphase plate in metaphase II?
- What separates in anaphase II?
- List at least five similarities between mitosis and meiosis.
- List at least three differences between mitosis and meiosis.
- Explain how meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells.
Watch: AP Daily Video Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
Answer the Following Questions:
- What are homologous chromosomes?
- How does crossing over (genetic recombination) during prophase I of meiosis increase genetic diversity?
- What is a recombinant chromatid?
- _____________________ assortment of chromosomes during ______________ increases variation.
- Fertilization is _____________ and increases the potential for genetic variation.
Supplementary Resources:
- Bozeman Science: Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis
- Crash Course Biology: Meiosis
- Sumanas Inc: Meiosis Animation
