Carbohydrates include sugars and polymers of sugars. The simplest carbohydrates are the monosaccharides, or simple sugars; these are the monomers from which more complex carbohydrates are built. Disaccharides are double sugars, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond. Carbohydrate macromolecules are polymers called polysaccharides,composed of many sugar building blocks. Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that does not include true polymers, and they are generally not big enough to be considered macromolecules.
Water (H2O) is made up of two hydrogen atoms covalently bound to an oxygen atom. While this bonding involves the sharing of electrons, they are not shared equally. The oxygen atom, having more protons (+ve), attract the electrons (-ve) more strongly (i.e. the oxygen has a higher electronegativity). Thus the oxygen atom becomes slightly negative and the hydrogen atoms become slightly positive
Matter is made up of elements. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. Of the 92 natural elements, about 20–25% are essential elements that an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce.
iGEM is not only an academic assessment and training, but it will also bring you comprehensive growth. I hope everyone can embrace the mindset of “the more difficult it is, the more we should try.” Only by trying and experiencing can we achieve growth.
