7.8 Speciation
in AP Biology
Speciation, the origin of new species, is at the focal point of Darwin’s evolutionary theory. Evolutionary theory must explain how new species originate and how populations evolve.
7.7 Phylogeny
in AP Biology
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species. The discipline of systematics classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships.
7.6 Continuing Evolution
in AP Biology
Evolution has led to new, rapidly spreading diseases, called emerging diseases.
7.5 Evidence of Common Ancestry and Evolution
in AP Biology
Biogeography provides information about the evolutionary history of organisms, specifically where they originated and how they were able to disperse.
7.4 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
in AP Biology
When certain conditions are met, allele and genotype frequencies do not change, a state called the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. “Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium”: Refers to an idealized, non-evolving population.
7.3 Population Genetics
in AP Biology
Natural selection acts on individuals, but only populations evolve. Genetic variations in populations contribute to evolution.
7.2 Natural and Artificial Selection
in AP Biology
Natural selection is the differential reproductive success of genetic variants and was independently conceived by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.
7.1 Introduction to Evolution and Natural Selection
in AP Biology
“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution”—Theodosius Dobzhansky.
6.8 Biotechnology and Virus
in AP Biology
A virus consists only of nucleic acid, proteins, and sometimes a membranous envelope. After infecting a host cell, it uses the host cell’s molecules to make new viruses
6.7 Mutations
in AP Biology
Alterations in a DNA sequence can lead to changes in the type or amount of the protein produced and the consequent phenotype. DNA mutations can be positive, negative, or neutral based on the effect or the lack of effect they have on the resulting nucleic acid or protein and the phenotypes that are conferred by the protein.