2.2 Subcellular Components of Eukaryotes
Cells—the basic structural and functional units of every organism—are of two distinct types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells. Organisms of the domain Eukarya—protists, fungi, animals, and plants—all consist of eukaryotic cells.
To Think About:
How do ribosomes reflect the common ancestry of all known life? What is the structure and function of the following subcellular organelles; ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes, a vacuole, and chloroplasts?
Watch: AP Daily Video - Cell Structure - Subcellular Components
Answer the Following Questions:
- All cells have a____________________and____________________reflecting a____________________of all life.
- How are the genomes of eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic genomes?
- What is the function of ribosomes? What are ribosomes made of?
- How are rough ER and smooth ER different?
- What is the function of the golgi?
- What are some functions of vacuoles?
- Which organelles in the video have a double membrane?
- Describe how rough ER, vesicles and golgi work together.
Watch: AP Daily Video - Cell Structure and Function
Answer the Following Questions:
- Which organelles in the cell capture energy?
- How is the efficiency of the light dependent reactions increased in the chloroplast?
- How is the efficiency of the electron transport chain increased in the mitochondria?
- What are the roles of vacuoles?
- What is the function of lysosomes?
- What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
- Explain how vesicles help the rough ER, golgi and plasma membrane work together.
Supplementary Resources:
- Bozeman Science: Mr. Andersen’s “Cellular Organelles” video
- Crash Course Biology: Eukaryopolis—The City of Animal Cells
- Crash Course Biology: Plant Cells
Florida State-Molecular Expressions: Animal Cells
Florida State-Molecular Expressions: Bacterial Cells
Florida State-Molecular Expressions: Plant Cells
1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine: awarded for “discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell.”
